Some of the other animals just slow down their metabolism and eat food they stored during the summer and fall months. Many small animals hibernate or aestivate, in other words, they slow down their metabolism and sleep or stay in their burrows. ĭuring the winter, many birds migrate to warmer climates. New leaves capture the energy of the sun and sprout before the tall trees shadow them. Wild flowers and ferns grow almost everywhere in the spring. Many insects, spiders, snails, and worms make their homes in this rich soil. The decaying leaves help make the soil rich in nutrients. In the winter, snow covers the ground and the deciduous trees and plants lose their leaves. Summers are warm and winters are cold, but not as cold as the northern coniferous forests. They have a moderate climate during the spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter, with rainfall of at least 500mm a year. Some animals that live in the coniferous forests are pine martens, deer, bears, caribou, moose, several owls, crossbills, and red squirrels.ĭeciduous forests ĭeciduous forests mostly grow in the temperate zone of North America, Europe and Asia. Many coniferous trees shade large parts of the soil below them, which keeps many plants from growing on the forest ground. Less water evaporates from their leaves because of the shape of their needles. These trees have flexible branches that support heavy snowfalls. Also, only those trees that have adapted to cold weather and poor soil can survive. This is why the soil in coniferous forests is not very fertile. Fallen branches, needles, and dead animals do not decay as fast as in warmer regions. There are not many different types of trees in coniferous forests because of the cold weather, and the poor soil. The weather during the winter is cold, but when snow melts in the spring, some parts of the forest become swamps. Their main trees are evergreen conifers which produce seeds in cones. More forests (45 percent) are in the tropics than any other climates.Ĭoniferous forests Ĭoniferous forests stretch across Canada, Alaska, Northern Asia, and Northern Europe. More than half of the world's forests are found in only five countries ( Brazil, Canada, China, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America). The three major forest biomes are coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and tropical rain forests. Primary production is about 21.9 giga tonnes carbon per year for tropical forests, 8.1 for temperate forests, and 2.6 for boreal forests.
Forests contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.
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